- Apple Technology Wikipedia Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia Apple Company
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- Wikipedia Apple Inc
- Apple Technology Wikipedia Articles
フォックスコン・テクノロジー・グループ(英語: Foxconn Technology Group 、日本語:ホンハイかぎしゅうだん 鴻海科技集団 / 富士康科技集団)は、電子機器の生産を請け負う電子機器受託生産 (EMS) では世界最大の企業グループである。. An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus domestica).Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus.The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found today.
Apple Inc., is a multinational information technology corporation based in California, USA.
The company produces consumer electronics, personal computers, and software. It is one of the largest IT companies in the world and it is often considered to be the most successful startup company of all time.
Apple was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne. Their first personal computer, called the Apple I, went on sale in July 1976. It was essentially just a motherboard (with CPU and RAM).
During its first first five years the company flourished, with revenues doubling almost every four months.
In 1977 the Apple II personal computer was released (almost entirely invented by Wozniak).
As opposed to other computers of its time, the Apple II stood out because of its use of cell-based color graphics. It featured an integrated keyboard, plastic case, and eight internal expansion slots.
What really pushed Apple’s computer ahead of the competition (Commodore and Tandy) was a spreadsheet program called VisiCalc – often dubbed as the business world’s first “killer app”.
The Macintosh computer was released in 1984 and sales were fairly strong at the beginning – but began to drop fairly quickly. In the 1990’s Apple made a controversial move and began producing a whole range of consumer products, including digital cameras, CD players, speakers, video consoles, etc. These products did not help Apple at all, in fact the company’s market share and stock value declined drastically.
It was not until 2001, when Apple released its Mac OS X and released the iPod – a portable audio device – that Apple started reporting impressive profit figures. The iPod was incredibly successful – selling over a hundred million units in under six years.
With the iPhone Apple made its entry into the smartphone market.
On June 29th, 2007, Apple introduced its first generation iPhone, and entered the highly lucrative market of smartphones. Transfer imac to macbook pro. Over a period of five quarters the company sold 6.1 million first generation iPhones. The iPhone runs on Apple’s iOS mobile operating system. By the end of 2010, Apple had sold 73.5 million iPhones.
In the fourth quarter of 2012, the iPhone 4S and iPhone 5 were the best-selling smartphones in the world, with sales of 27.4 million and 17.1 million units respectively, or 13% of all smartphones sold globally.
On September 10th, 2013, the company introduced the 7th-generation iPhone 5C and iPhone 5S.
Between 2000 and 2006 Apple’s stock value increased surged from $10 USD per share to $190 USD per share.
Apple is now the second-largest information technology company in the world (based on total revenue). In September, 2013, Apple became the world’s most valuable brand, overtaking Coca-Cola. After Samsung, Apple is the second richest cell phone maker globally.
Apple produces a range of cell phones, portable music devices, personal computers, and software. The company also provides networking solutions and other services.
Its main product lines are: the iPhone (phone), iPad (tablet), Mac (personal computer), iPod (portable media device), and iTunes (an online music/video/app store).
The company is trying to gain a foothold in the music streaming business, which expanded by 51% in 2013, while music downloads declined by 2.1%, according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry.
Overview
- Chairman: Arthur D. Levinson
- CEO: Tim Cook
- Type: Public
- Traded as: NASDAQ: AAPL
- S&P 500 Component
- Revenue: $182.795 billion (2014)
- Net income: $39,510 million USD (2014)
- Diluted earnings per share: $6.45 USD (2014)
- Headquarters: Apple Campus, 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California, USA
- Employees: 92,600 (2014)
- Corporate contact number: (408) 996-1010
- Investor relations contact number: (408) 974-3123
- Website: http://apple.com/
- Company subsidiaries: FileMaker Inc., Anobit, Braeburn Capital
Apple Inc. Financial Results, Year Ended September 27, 2014
Operating data (in $ millions) | 2014 | 2013 |
Net sales | $182,795 | $170,910 |
Operating income | $52,503 | $48,999 |
Income before income taxes | $53,483 | $50,155 |
Net income | $39,510 | $37,037 |
Balance sheet data (in $ millions) | ||
Total assets | $231,839 | $207,000 |
Total liabilities | $120,292 | $83,451 |
Total equity | $111,547 | $123,549 |
Common share data (in $) | ||
Basic earnings per share | $6.49 | $5.72 |
Diluted earnings per share | $6.45 | $5.68 |
Cash flow data (in $ millions) | ||
Cash generated by operating activities | $59,713 | $53,666 |
Cash used in investing activities | $(22,579) | $(33,774) |
Cash used in financing activities | $(37,549) | $(16,379) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | $14,259 | $10,746 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $13,844 | $14,259 |
Apple Technology Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Office 2010 cho macbook air. Source: Apple Inc. Form 10-K 2014
Apple Inc.’s organizational culture is a key factor in the continuing success of the business. A company’s organizational or corporate culture establishes and maintains the business philosophy, values, beliefs, and related behaviors among employees. This business analysis case shows that Apple has a corporate culture that enables human resources to support various strategic objectives. For example, the company’s cultural traits are aligned with the drive for innovation, which is a major factor that determines business competitiveness in the information technology, online services, and consumer electronics industries. Based on the organizational culture, this business condition facilitates the fulfillment of Apple Inc.’s corporate mission and vision statements. Through the leadership of Steve Jobs and, now, through the leadership of Tim Cook, the company continues to enhance its cultural characteristics to maximize human resource support for business relevance in various markets around the world. Apple shapes its corporate culture and uses it as a tool for strategic management and success.
Through its corporate culture, Apple Inc. strengthens its competitive advantages against other firms in various industries. The company competes against information technology firms like Samsung, Google, Amazon.com, Dell, Lenovo, Sony, and PayPal, as well as IBM and Intel. These competitors impose a strong external force that influences strategic management among firms in the industry, as illustrated in the Porter’s Five Forces analysis of Apple Inc. As a result, cultural traits must reinforce necessary competitive advantages through the workforce. The company partially achieves this strategic objective through its organizational culture.
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Apple’s Organizational Culture Type and Characteristics
Apple Inc. has an organizational culture for creative innovation. The company’s cultural features focus on maintaining a high level of innovation that involves creativity and a mindset that challenges conventions and standards. The business depends on cultural support and coherence, which are determinants of competitiveness and industry leadership, especially in addressing aggressive and rapid technological innovation and product development. The following are the main characteristics of Apple’s corporate culture:
- Top-notch excellence
- Creativity
- Innovation
- Secrecy
- Moderate combativeness
Top-notch Excellence. Apple’s organizational culture comes with a policy of hiring only the best of the best in the labor market. Steve Jobs was known to fire employees who did not meet his expectations. This tradition continues under Tim Cook. Such a tradition maintains and reinforces a corporate culture that promotes, appreciates, and expects top-notch excellence among employees. Photoshop tutorial software free download. This cultural trait is institutionalized in Apple’s organization. For example, the company has programs that recognize and reward excellence among workers. Excellence is emphasized as a critical success factor in the business, especially in product design and development, which is a major growth strategy (see Apple Inc.’s Generic Strategy and Intensive Growth Strategies).
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Creativity. This cultural characteristic pertains to new ideas that help improve the business and its products. Apple’s management favors creativity among employees’ knowledge, skills, and abilities. This characteristic of the corporate culture enables the company to ensure sufficient creativity, especially among employees involved in product design and development processes. Such creativity is observable in the design and features of iPhones, Macs, and iPads, among other products included in Apple’s marketing mix or 4Ps. In this regard, the organizational culture helps maintain the company’s capacity to satisfy customers’ expectations and preferences.
Innovation. Apple’s organizational culture supports rapid innovation. The company is frequently appraised as one of the most innovative companies in the world. Based on this cultural trait, the firm trains and motivates it employees to innovate in terms of individual work performance and contributions to product development processes. The corporate culture facilitates rapid innovation, which is at the heart of Apple Inc.’s business. Rapid innovation ensures that the company continues to introduce new products that are profitable and attractive to target customers.
Secrecy. Steve Jobs developed Apple to have an organizational culture of secrecy. This cultural characteristic continues to define the company’s human resource development. Secrecy is part of the company’s strategy to minimize theft of proprietary information or intellectual property. It is also a strategic management approach that enables Apple Inc. to maximize its leading edge against competitors. Through the corporate culture, employees are encouraged and expected to keep business information within the company. This cultural trait is reinforced through the company’s policies, rules, and employment contracts. In this context, Apple’s organizational culture helps protect the business from corporate espionage and the negative effects of employee poaching.
Moderate Combativeness. Apple’s organizational culture has moderate combativeness. This feature is linked to Steve Jobs and his combative approach to leadership. He was known to randomly challenge employees to ensure that they have what it takes to work at Apple. However, under Tim Cook’s leadership, the company has been changing its corporate culture to a more sociable and a less combative one. Nonetheless, combativeness remains a major influence in the business. Apple’s corporate culture exhibits a moderate degree of combativeness that presents challenges that aim to enhance employees’ output.
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Apple’s Corporate Culture – Advantages, Disadvantages, Recommendations
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Advantages and Benefits. The combination of top-notch excellence, creativity and innovation in Apple’s organizational culture supports the company’s industry leadership. The business is widely regarded as a leader in terms of innovation and product design. These cultural characteristics empower Apple and its human resources to stand out and stay ahead of competitors. This corporate culture enables success and competitive advantages, as well as the further strengthening of the company’s brand, which is one of the key business strengths shown in the SWOT analysis of Apple Inc. Creativity and excellence are especially important in the company’s rapid innovation processes for continuous competitiveness and business development.
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Drawbacks and Weaknesses. Apple’s corporate culture brings challenges because of the emphasis on secrecy and the moderate degree of combativeness. An atmosphere of secrecy limits rapport among workers. Also, moderate combativeness has the potential to limit or reduce employees’ morale. These cultural issues can reduce business effectiveness and increase employee turnover. Apple Inc. can address this situation by modifying its organizational culture to reduce but not necessarily remove combativeness. This recommendation focuses on reducing the disadvantages of combativeness, without eliminating the benefits of combative approaches in the company. Also, Apple can integrate new cultural traits to keep the business relevant, given trends and changes in the information technology, cloud services, digital content distribution, and consumer electronics industry environment.
References
- Apple Inc.’s Website.
- Backer, L. C. (2013). Transnational corporations’ outward expression of inward self-constitution: The enforcement of human rights by Apple, Inc. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 20, 805-1445.
- Barney, J. B. (1986). Organizational culture: Can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage? Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665.
- Fogliasso, C. E., & Williams, A. (2014). Analysis of the business, societal and governmental relationships of Apple Inc. Leadership & Organizational Management Journal, 2014(1), 161-175.
- Guiso, L., Sapienza, P., & Zingales, L. (2015). The value of corporate culture. Journal of Financial Economics, 117(1), 60-76.
- Iglesias, O., & Saleem, F. Z. (2015). How to support consumer-brand relationships: The role of corporate culture and human resource policies and practices. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 33(2), 216-234.
- O’Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516.
- Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational Culture and Leadership (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons.
- U.S. Department of Commerce – International Trade Administration – The Software and Information Technology Services Industry in the United States.
- U.S. Department of Commerce – International Trade Administration – The Media and Entertainment Industry in the United States.
- U.S. Department of Commerce – International Trade Administration – The Semiconductors Industry in the United States.